Plagiarism and citation | Research methodology | Lecture 7
By Maleeha Saleem ( BS Biochemistry)
PLAGIARISM AND CITATION
Plagiarism is the representation of someone other’s ideas, thoughts, language, or any other work as one’s own original work. Plagiarism is called academic dishonesty. In other words, plagiarism is an act of fraud.It involves
· To steal the ideas or words of another one
· To use another's work without giving credit
· To commit literary theft
· To present as new an idea or product derived from an existing source
PLAGIARISM DETECTION TOOLS
Different free plagiarism detection tools are being used to measure the similarity index for one’s material matching to any other article or website.
1. Dupli Checker
It is one of the most effective free plagiarism detection tools. It enables either copy and paste text in the field and then checks plagiarism.
· Free of charge
· Ease of use
2.Copyleaks
It is a cloud-based authentication platform. It enables us to find how eLearning content is being used all around the internet. It is used for
· Education and business
· Multiple file formats and languages
· Variety of tools
3-PaperRater
A multi-purpose free plagiarism detection tool that is used over 140 countries. It contains three tools in one:
· Proofreader and grammar checker, vocabulary builder and plagiarism checker
· Developed by industry experts
· Fast results
4-Plagiarisma
A multi-purpose plagiarism detection tool that is used by teachers, students, and writers.
· Support 190+ languages
· Plagiarism detection by URL, online or file upload
5-Plagium
A fully functional free plagiarism detection tool with different levels of search.
· Easy to use
· Free for up to 5000 characters each time.
6-PlagScan
A plagiarism detection tool that checks texts against online content and scientific journals.
· Fully online
· No subscriptions for private users
7-Plag Tracker
A fast plagiarism detection tool that searches both websites and databases.
· Support 6 languages
· Detailed reports
WAYS TO REMOVE PLAGIARISM
Following are the steps to avoid or remove plagiarism:
1-Paraphrase everything
Paraphrasing means reading through the text, understanding the idea in it and rewriting it in one’s own words.
Example
Original text:
If the schedule of the next morning is tight and time consuming, try to make your mind to work on the assignment.
Paraphrased text:
If you have too much work on the following morning with limited time then there is no option but to make your mind and start working.
2-Proper citation
Any information should be attributed to the original author that is received from elsewhere apart from one’s mind. Citation is often done in two ways :
· In-text citations
· At the end of work
3-Quoting
Quoting should be done exactly the way it appears. To avoid plagiarism quoting must be done correctly.
CITATION
A citation represents that certain material in one’s work came from another source. In scientific writing, if we want to write the idea, thought or work of any other scientist, we give a citation. It includes information necessary to find that source again:
· Information about the author
· Title of the work
· Date of publication
· Page numbers you are borrowing
NEED TO CITE
Whenever we borrow words, ideas, or thoughts of another writer, we have to cite their source. Otherwise, our work will be considered a fraud or academic dishonesty. The following situations require citation:
· When one uses an idea that some other a person has already expressed.
· When work of some other person has been critical in making one’s own ideas.
CITATION WAYS
IN-TEXT CITATIONS
It is a reference to a published or unpublished source, you consulted with, in your own text, includes the author and the year of publication.
1-ONE AUTHOR
The surname of the author, no initials, or suffixes. The year of publication is also included.
EXAMPLE
This was seen in an Australian study (Conger, 1979).
2-TWO AUTHORS
Cite both surnames every time the reference occurs in the text.
EXAMPLE
(Davidson & Harrington, 2002).
3-THREE TO FIVE AUTHORS
Cite all surnames and publication year the first time, thereafter only the first surname followed by et al. There is a full-stop (.) after al.
EXAMPLE
The first time cited: (Brown, Soo,& Jones, 1990).
(Brown et al., 1990).
4-SIX OR MORE AUTHORS
Cite only the surname of the first author followed by et al. and the year from the first citation. There is a full-stop (.) after al. It includes all authors, up to seven, in the reference list.
EXAMPLE
(Girad-Perregaux et al., 2003)
5-DIFFERENT AUTHORS BUT SAME SURNAME
Add the initials of the author's first or given name/s to their surname to distinguish them.
EXAMPLE
P. R. Smith (1923) to distinguish from S. Smith (1945)
6-MULTIPLE WORKS BY SAME AUTHOR
When cited together give the author's surname once followed by the years of each publication, which are separated by a comma.
EXAMPLE
Stairs (1992, 1993).
7-UNKNOWN AUTHOR
Give the first few words of the title. If the title is from an article or a chapter use double quotation marks. If the title is from a periodical, book brochure or report then use italics.
EXAMPLE
The worst election loss in the party's history ("This is the end," 1968).
BIBLIOGRAPHY
A list of all the sources one has used in the process of researching one’s own work. Bibliography comes at the end of the work. It should include:
· Author’s names
· Titles of the works
· Names and locations of companies that published your copies of sources
· Dates of publication
· Page numbers of the sources
STYLES
The following are major citation styles:
· Modern language association(MLA)
· American psychological association(APA)
· Chicago
· Harvard
1-MODERN LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION (MLA)
Mulrow, Cynthia D. "The medical review article: state of the science." Annals of internal medicine 106.3 (1987): 485-488.
2-AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (APA)
Mulrow, C. D. (1987). The medical review article: state of the science. Annals of internal medicine, 106(3),485-488.
3-CHICAGO
Mulrow, Cynthia D. "The medical review article: state of the science." Annals of internal medicine 106, no. 3 (1987): 485-488.
4-HARVARD
Mulrow, C.D., 1987. The medical review article: state of the science. Annals of internal medicine, 106(3), pp.485-488.
5-VANCOUVER
Mulrow CD. The medical review article: state of the science. Annals of internal medicine. 1987 Mar 1;106(3):485-8.
SOFTWARES USED FOR BIBLIOGRAPHY
The software used is:
1-ENDNOTE
EndNote is a commercial reference management software package, used to manage references and bibliographies in essays and articles.
2-MENDELEY
It is most known for its reference manager which is used to manage research papers and generate bibliographies for scholarly articles.
Well written and Informative material
ReplyDelete